The industrial sector in Pakistan heavily relies on imported coal―a nonrenewable fossil source of energy―for its operations and power generation. Usage of coal as fuel incurs large import bills and leads to natural resources depletion, carbon emissions, and environmental pollution. Industries are therefore in need of alternate fuels, including waste-derived fuels, which are fuels produced…
Understanding Biohydrogen Production Biohydrogen production refers to the generation of hydrogen gas through biological processes. This method is considered environmentally friendly compared to conventional hydrogen production methods that rely on fossil fuels. Among the various biological routes, dark fermentation and photo-fermentation are two key processes. Dark fermentation, typically performed by bacteria, produces hydrogen without the…
Pakistan showcases a diverse array of substantial mineral resources, positioning the mining industry as a pivotal catalyst in the economic advancement of the country. Despite its promising potential, the mining sector grapples with formidable challenges, notably in the realm of safety. Mining, by its nature, is fraught with hazards encompassing risks such as injuries from…
In the pursuit of sustainable transportation, the utilization of renewable energy sources is crucial. To address the environmental impact of fossil fuels and the global energy crisis, the transition from conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is inevitable. HEVs combine multiple energy sources, such as hydrogen fuel cells (FC), supercapacitors…
Bamboo is a versatile and sustainable material that has been used for centuries in various cultures for construction purposes as shown in Figure 1 (a & b). Bamboo has been used in various forms, such as flooring, roofing, scaffolding, and wall cladding (Figure 2). Recently, it has gained significant attention due to its significant eco-friendliness,…
The world is currently dealing with an energy crisis. Scientists are working hard to shift energy production away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy alternatives. At that time, the importance of batteries as the best energy storage device increased. In this case, we need to improve battery performance in terms of energy density and…
