Introduction Oil refining is an energy-intensive process that needs a large amount of direct or indirect heat. Particularly, about 32–35% of the entire global energy is consumed in the industrial sectors to produce heat and steam needed for processing crude oil and keeping refined products at the right temperature. Burning fossil fuels to generate process…
Have you ever imagined a system that can treat wastewater, remove salt from seawater, and generate electricity all at the same time? It may sound like something out of science fiction, but scientists are making it a reality. One fascinating innovation that combines biology, chemistry, and renewable energy is the Photosynthetic Microbial Desalination Cell (PMDC)….
Across the world, industries face mounting pressure to shrink their carbon footprint. Yet, the machines that power our factories — from textile mills to pharmaceutical plants — still rely heavily on fossil fuels, a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Among them, industrial gas turbines stand out as the workhorses of modern manufacturing. The challenge…
Sufficiency, Efficiency and Renewables – The Pathway to Carbon-neutral Buildings Step into any bustling city, and you’ll see towering office blocks, shopping malls, hotels, and hospitals. While they serve our daily needs, these commercial buildings also consume massive amounts of energy, often making up over 40% of a city’s electricity demand. With global climate change…
Summary/Blog: Clays contain hydrophilic minerals like montmorillonite and illite, which significantly influence their geotechnical behavior. These minerals cause substantial volume changes in response to moisture fluctuations, leading to swelling, shrinkage, and potential structural damage. During desiccation, the tensile stresses within the soil can exceed its strength, resulting in cracking. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in…
Introduction With rapid urbanization and industrial growth, air pollution has become a major environmental crisis, posing severe threats to human health and ecological balance. Among the most concerning forms of pollution is smog, a dense atmospheric layer primarily composed of particulate matter (PM) and sources of secondary PM like sulfur oxides (SOₓ), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ),…
