The construction industry has a large environmental footprint due to its heavy use of natural materials and the pollution caused by construction and manufacturing activities. When old buildings are torn down, a huge amount of waste is produced—known as construction and demolition waste (CDW). This type of waste makes up over one-third of all the…
Introduction With rapid urbanization and industrial growth, air pollution has become a major environmental crisis, posing severe threats to human health and ecological balance. Among the most concerning forms of pollution is smog, a dense atmospheric layer primarily composed of particulate matter (PM) and sources of secondary PM like sulfur oxides (SOₓ), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ),…
Pakistan is rich with a wealth of diverse mineral resources, including reserves of metals like copper, iron and gold and non-metallic reserves like marble and gypsum. These are essential resources for various industrial and technological advancements in the twenty-first century. According to recent estimates by geological survey of Pakistan a total value of over $6…
Understanding Biohydrogen Production Biohydrogen production refers to the generation of hydrogen gas through biological processes. This method is considered environmentally friendly compared to conventional hydrogen production methods that rely on fossil fuels. Among the various biological routes, dark fermentation and photo-fermentation are two key processes. Dark fermentation, typically performed by bacteria, produces hydrogen without the…
March 8th, 2024, marked a significant day at the Roomy Signature Hotel, Islamabad, as we commemorated International Women’s Day with the groundbreaking event, “Women in Climate Action: The event proved to be a great platform for women to stand out and be the pillars for sustainable development. The platform featured a panel of three brilliant…
Agricultural production has grown significantly over the last few decades to meet the demands of the augmented population worldwide. Although agricultural growth is important from the food security and economic point of view, this has exacerbated the waste management issue demanding sustainable solutions. Among all the agricultural wastes, crop straw shares a major chunk; for…
