Heritage masonry buildings are among the most vulnerable structures during earthquakes. Their cultural and historical importance makes preserving them a global priority, yet their structural limitations pose serious risks to human safety. Traditional strengthening methods, such as reinforced concrete jacketing or steel bracing, often alter the architectural identity of these buildings, which is not acceptable…
Mineral Resources, Technologies and Socio-Economic Development: Abundant occurrences of natural mineral resources can’t automatically lead to a country’s prosperity. Many nations, including Pakistan, are endowed with these mineral resources. Still, they struggle to turn these resources into drivers of economic and social progress. One of the key reasons for this is the failure to adopt…
The Problem We Face Imagine walking down any street in Pakistan and counting the plastic bottles, bags, and containers you see. Now multiply that by millions across the globe. Every year, the world produces 400 million tons of plastic waste, but only 9% gets recycled. The rest? It clogs our landfills, pollutes our oceans, and…
Pakistan is in an earthquake-prone region, as evidenced by the catastrophic earthquake in October 2005, which resulted in the loss of more than 75,000 lives, injured thousands, and left millions homeless. Entire towns like Balakot were destroyed, and the collapse of well-known buildings such as the Margalla Towers in Islamabad became a powerful symbol of…
