Water is important for human sustenance and progress, yet the world is facing widespread water scarcity and deteriorating water quality caused by escalating pollution and population growth. The overall quality of water has been adversely affected by changing atmospheric conditions and human actions. In Pakistan, a large portion of the population lacks access to clean…
The global freshwater use has increased by a factor of six over the past 100 years [1] and according to the United Nations [2] over two billion people live in countries experiencing water stress. Climate change is making matters worse. As an example, despite a massive deluge in Southern Pakistan in the summer of 2022,…
Contaminated water spreads pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses and creates the conditions for infection outbreaks. The recent COVID-19 pandemic increased the interest of the researchers around the globe in the surveillance and quantification of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in water and wastewater. Waterborne pathogens in water are growing worried throughout the world [1]….
Oil / Water pollution is increasing unprecedented due to surging release from industrial spills, petrochemical effluent, and domestic discharge. Water is the driving force of life, but water pollution has posed an immense threat to human health, aquatic life, and economic development. Oil/water pollution is increasing unprecedented due to surging release from industrial spills, petrochemical…
Introduction Water is regarded as one of the most essential commodities for the survival of living things. With the increase in population, there exists an exponentially rising need to conserve the consumption and monitor the quality of water being provided to the consumers for drinking, agriculture and other purposes. Pakistan is experiencing an impending water…
