Introduction In today’s world, sugar is an essential ingredient in countless foods and beverages. However, the overconsumption of refined white sugar has been linked to various health issues, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. As consumers become more health-conscious, researchers are exploring alternatives to white sugar that maintain sweetness while offering better nutritional value. One…
Introduction With rapid urbanization and industrial growth, air pollution has become a major environmental crisis, posing severe threats to human health and ecological balance. Among the most concerning forms of pollution is smog, a dense atmospheric layer primarily composed of particulate matter (PM) and sources of secondary PM like sulfur oxides (SOₓ), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ),…
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are transforming industries, from environmental monitoring to precision agriculture. As these drones become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, the need for quieter, safer, and more efficient propulsion systems has never been greater. That’s where our project, the Electric Ducted Fan (EDF) for Small UAVs, comes in. This innovative propulsion technology…
In the wake of global climate change, increasing temperatures and constant rise of environmental health related issue it has become important to regularly monitor and ascertain the changes to urban climate. Doing this at a more precise and regular intervals means even more. The growth of modern web, internet of things and database technologies which…
Remotely Operated Vehicles ROVs have gained increased recognition for their accessibility and practicality in executing underwater tasks that would be challenging for human divers. Their compact design allows them to reach significant depths, proving valuable across various fields from scientific to industrial. In the present era, ROVs find application in multiple domains, including exploring the…
Tax evasion is a common problem among many countries, and becomes a survival threat to developing economies such as Pakistan. Due to manual estimation methods, collection of property tax in Pakistan, specifically the tax on build-up properties in cities, is a significant challenge. This tax is estimated based on the height of the build-up properties,…
